Optimum Level of Dietary n‐3 Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acids for Juvenile Sea Cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

A feeding trial was conducted to estimate the optimum level of dietary n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) for juvenile sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicas, based on growth performance and fatty acid compositions. Diets with five n‐3 HUFAs levels (0.15, 0.22, 0.33, 0.38, and 0.46%) were fed to sea cucumber juveniles (1.97 ± 0.01 g) once a day for 60 d. The sea cucumbers fed diets containing 0.22% n‐3 HUFAs showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio than the sea cucumbers fed diets containing 0.15% n‐3 HUFAs, but not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of sea cucumbers fed diets containing 0.33, 0.38, and 0.46% n‐3 HUFAs. The sea cucumbers fed diets containing 0.46% n‐3 HUFAs showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher eicosapentaenoic acid and saturated fatty acid than the sea cucumber fed diets containing 0.15% n‐3 HUFAs, but not significantly different (P > 0.05) from those of sea cucumbers fed diets containing 0.22, 0.33, and 0.38% n‐3 HUFAs. The results of growth performance and n‐3 HUFA compositions of body wall indicated that the optimum level of dietary n‐3 HUFAs for juvenile sea cucumber is between 0.22 and 0.46%.     

甘蔗收获机切割系统负载压力影响因素的试验研究

针对甘蔗收获机在入土切割时无法根据地形精确控制切割器入土切割深度的问题,通过理论分析甘蔗收割机入土切割时影响切割系统负载压力的因素,并通过试验探究各因素对切割系统负载压力的影响规律。试验结果表明:影响切割系统负载压力的主要因素有入土深度、土槽进给速度、甘蔗密度、刀盘转速、土壤含水率和土壤密度,随着入土切割深度、土槽进给速度、甘蔗密度和刀盘转速的增加,切割系统的负载压力整体均呈逐渐增大的趋势,并得出各因素对切割系统负载压力影响的显著性及先后顺序。该研究为建立甘蔗收获机械切割系统的负载压力与切刀入土切割深度的关系数据库提供了数据支持。     

Interspecific cross‐hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’ with Nicotiana alata

In order to introduce the Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV) resistance from Nicotiana alata into Nicotiana tabacum, a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of N. tabacum (N. tabacum L. cv. (gla.) S ‘K326’), was successfully crossed with N. alata. Despite a high DNA content variability, F₁ hybrids could be classified in two subgroups, a major one encompassing fertile hybrids morphologically similar to their tobacco maternal parent but TSWV sensitive, and a minor one displaying sterile hybrids showing an intermediate phenotype and TSWV resistant. In order to elucidate the unexpected fertility recovery of the fertile F₁ plants, some N. alata fertility restoration ppr genes were cloned and were shown to be differentially expressed between parental lineages as well as between both F₁ subgroups, suggesting that N. alata contains fertility restoring allele able to overcome the CMS of N. tabacum.     

农业科研机构知识库建设需求与策略研究

机构知识库作为开放获取的途径之一,在国内外正迅速建设发展。文章基于某农业科研机构科研和管理人员对机构知识库的总体认知、建设需求与参与意愿调研,从资源建设、技术保障、服务拓展和共建共享等方面提出适合农业科研机构的机构知识库建设策略与建议,以期为农业科研机构知识库的规划建设和推广使用提供参考依据。     

我国省级农业科学院的学科竞争力比较研究*

学科竞争力是省级农业科研机构科研实力的重要体现。文章以江浙沪鲁京粤6省农业科学院为研究对象，以SCI论文和中文核心期刊论文为数据源，采用文献计量的方法，对比分析了我国省级农科院的整体优势学科和各自优势学科的竞争力情况。研究发现，省级农科院的学科发展既有普遍相似性，又有各自的特色优势学科，各机构之间的学科竞争力差距较大。该研究为我国省级农科院学科建设提供决策参考。     

基于最小二乘法的落叶松木粉粒径数学建模与分析

【目的】建立落叶松木粉粒径与长宽比的数学模型，通过分析数学模型和其二阶导数，揭示木粉长宽比随粒径减小的变化趋势及变化的根本原因，获得最大长宽比对应的粒径，为建立长宽比与力学性能之间的定量关系提供参考。【方法】利用光学显微镜拍摄获得木粉的显微图像，测算获得目标木粉成熟管胞的平均长度、平均宽度以及木粉粒径的大小。通过数字图像处理技术提取单木粉颗粒的矩形度、长宽比：将原始木粉显微图像由 RGB颜色空间转到Lab颜色空间，提取其b分量；对b分量图像用3×3模板进行中值滤波；用K-means算法将去噪后图像聚类为2类，得木粉的二值图像；对二值图像用5×5的结构元素进行先开启后闭合的数学形态学运算；用八连通区域法标记图像中的单木粉颗粒；对标记后图像用目标区域像素点个数统计法计算获得单木粉颗粒的几何面积，用主轴法获得单木粉颗粒的最小外接矩形的长、宽、面积；计算获得单木粉颗粒的长宽比、矩形度数据。采用最小二乘法对木粉粒径与长宽比进行数据拟合，通过分析评判多项式、高斯和傅里叶3种拟合函数后选用高斯方程表达得木粉粒径与木粉长宽比的数学模型，再根据其拟合曲线方程计算得其二阶导数，结合模型的二阶导数和测算得的木粉管胞数据对高斯模型进行分析与讨论。【结果】矩形度不随木粉粒径的减小而变化，均值在0.6～0.8之间。长宽比随粒径减小出现先增大后减小的趋势：木粉粒径在1100～576μm 时，长宽比数值从接近于1开始逐渐增大；木粉粒径为576μm时(与本文目标木粉成熟管胞的平均长度563.82μm接近)，长宽比达到最大数值4.6；木粉粒径在576～30μm时，长宽比逐渐减小；而粒径小于50μm 时(与目标木粉成熟管胞的平均宽度46.498μm接近)，长宽比数值再次趋近于1。【结论】长宽比的变化与管胞破裂密切相关：木粉粒径大于管胞长度时，木粉主要通过纵向断裂使粒径减小；粒径与管胞长度接近时，长宽比较大；粒径小于等于管胞宽度范围内，木粉主要是横向断裂，而长宽比基本不再发生变化且趋近于1。长宽比和冲击强度随粒径减小的变化趋势是一致的，长宽比是影响材料力学性能本质因素之一。     

采用铺路毡料防止沥青路面反射裂缝的试验研究

采用土工合成材料防止反射裂缝的试验结果表明:使用铺路毡效果最好,而铺设玻璃纤维格栅由于出现粘结问题,将导致龟裂和孔洞的形成。按照法国L.R.P.C.Autun的评价体系,使用铺路毡的性价比比不用加筋材料的路面高3倍,比使用玻璃纤维格栅的高2倍,铺路毡性价比最高。     

鳢肠对棉铃虫生长发育的影响

通过饲料混毒法测定鳢肠对棉铃虫生长发育的影响。结果表明,随饲料中鳢肠比例的加大和棉铃虫幼虫取食时间的延长,鳢肠对棉铃虫幼虫的生长发育具有明显的抑制作用。幼虫取食鳢肠比例高的饲料后,棉铃虫蛹质量显著降低,但羽化率和单雌日均产卵量与对照处理差异不显著;给棉铃虫幼虫饲喂鳢肠明显延长了幼虫和成虫历期,但对蛹历期的影响较小。     

A physiological and biochemical approach to selecting the ideal diet for Ostrea edulis (L.) broodstock conditioning (part A)

To select the best microalgae for Ostrea edulis conditioning, four single species diets were fed to batches of broodstock, which were then compared using physiological and biochemical approaches. Ingestion and absorption were first studied, showing that Chaetoceros gracilis and Skeletonema marinoï were efficiently ingested (4.9–5.3 mg g^?1 h^?1) and absorbed (1.9–2.5 mg g^?1 h^?1) while Tetraselmis suecica led to the lowest physiological responses (0.36 and 0.12 mg g^?1 h^?1 respectively). When O. edulis were fed any microalgae except T‐ISO with only 79 mg g^?1, gonads accumulated carbohydrates from 116 to 141 mg g^?1 and the extent of accumulation depended on the species supplied in the order T. suecica<C. gracilis<S. marinoï. When oysters were fed either of the diatoms (C. gracilis or S. marinoï), an efficient transfer of 20:5(n‐3) to all tissues, including the gonads, was recorded while no enrichment in 22:6(n‐3) occurred in all tissues (polar fraction) when oysters were fed T‐ISO. In contrast (22:5(n‐6)), a characteristic fatty acid of T‐ISO accumulated in all tissues, confirming its allocation despite particularly low ingestion (1.66 mg g^?1 h^?1) and absorption (0.32 mg g^?1 h^?1). When oysters were fed C. gracilis or S. marinoï an efficient transfer of cholesterol and campesterol from diatoms to the gonads was observed, while no sterol accumulation occurred in the gonad when fed T. suecica. Because of low ingestion, absorption and poor biochemical compounds' transfer, T. suecica is not recommended for O. edulis conditioning. T‐ISO also exhibited low physiological performances but due to a specific 22:6(n‐3) enrichment in the gonad neutral fraction (16.1%), its potential role in reproduction should be considered. Chaetoceros gracilis is highly recommended for O. edulis broodstock while a source of DHA other than that provided by T‐ISO should be found due to its poor absorption. Because a mixed diet has been shown to be more efficient for O. edulis broodstock conditioning, complementary trials dealing with the effects of other species rich in 22:6(n‐3) such as Rhodomonas salina or Pavlova lutheri should be performed.